[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2686},["ShallowReactive",2],{"wiki-page-\u002Fwiki\u002F2023-10-05-cplusplus-jiao-xue\u002F1800-0200-std-array":3,"wiki-doc-items-2023-10-05-cplusplus-jiao-xue":2127,"wiki:author-members":2674},{"id":4,"title":5,"authors":6,"body":8,"chapterDepth":74,"chapterOrder":2115,"date":2116,"description":67,"docKey":2117,"docRoot":2118,"docTitle":2119,"extension":2120,"isWikiDoc":315,"isWikiIndex":2121,"meta":2122,"navigation":315,"path":2123,"seo":2124,"stem":2125,"wikiDepth":74,"__hash__":2126},"wiki\u002Fwiki\u002F2023-10-05-Cplusplus教学\u002F1800-0200-std-array.md","std::array",[7],"董佳辉",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":2094},"minimark",[11,15,28,42,45,51,55,58,61,83,93,96,175,181,184,285,288,293,562,568,576,580,834,838,844,848,1287,1291,1297,1299,1302,1305,1403,1407,1417,1495,1509,1513,1786,1790,1796,1806,1809,1814,1851,1857,1866,1871,1913,1919,1927,1932,1995,2001,2011,2014,2062,2065,2090],[12,13,14],"h2",{"id":14},"本节解决什么问题",[16,17,18,19,23,24,27],"p",{},"C 风格数组（",[20,21,22],"code",{},"int arr[5]","）有很多缺点：不能直接赋值、传给函数时会退化成指针丢失大小信息、没有边界检查。而 ",[20,25,26],{},"std::vector"," 虽然功能强大，但它是动态分配内存的，有微小的额外开销。",[16,29,30,32,33,37,38,41],{},[20,31,5],{}," 解决的是：当你需要一个",[34,35,36],"strong",{},"编译期确定大小、栈上分配","的数组时，提供一个和 C 数组一样快、但拥有 STL 容器接口（有 ",[20,39,40],{},"size()","、有迭代器、可赋值）的安全数组。",[12,43,44],{"id":44},"这个特性是什么",[16,46,47,50],{},[20,48,49],{},"std::array\u003CT, N>"," 是 STL 中封装了固定大小数组的容器模板。它大小在编译时确定，不动态分配内存（在栈上），包装了 C 数组同时提供 STL 容器的标准接口。",[12,52,54],{"id":53},"c-标准版本","C++ 标准版本",[16,56,57],{},"C++11",[12,59,60],{"id":60},"需要的头文件",[62,63,68],"pre",{"className":64,"code":65,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"language-cpp shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","#include \u003Carray>\n","cpp","",[20,69,70],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,72,75,79],"span",{"class":73,"line":74},"line",1,[71,76,78],{"class":77},"szBVR","#include",[71,80,82],{"class":81},"sZZnC"," \u003Carray>\n",[16,84,85,88,89,92],{},[34,86,87],{},"运行结果："," 此代码块不含 ",[20,90,91],{},"main"," 函数，是语法、接口或分文件示例，不能独立运行，因此没有终端输出。",[12,94,95],{"id":95},"基本语法",[62,97,99],{"className":64,"code":98,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"std::array\u003C元素类型, 大小> 变量名;            \u002F\u002F 默认初始化（值未定义）\nstd::array\u003C元素类型, 大小> 变量名 = {};        \u002F\u002F 全部初始化为零\nstd::array\u003C元素类型, 大小> 变量名 = {v1, v2, ...}; \u002F\u002F 列表初始化\n",[20,100,101,127,152],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,102,103,107,111,114,117,120,123],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,104,106],{"class":105},"sScJk","std",[71,108,110],{"class":109},"sVt8B","::array",[71,112,113],{"class":77},"\u003C",[71,115,116],{"class":109},"元素类型, 大小",[71,118,119],{"class":77},">",[71,121,122],{"class":109}," 变量名;",[71,124,126],{"class":125},"sJ8bj","            \u002F\u002F 默认初始化（值未定义）\n",[71,128,130,132,134,136,138,140,143,146,149],{"class":73,"line":129},2,[71,131,106],{"class":105},[71,133,110],{"class":109},[71,135,113],{"class":77},[71,137,116],{"class":109},[71,139,119],{"class":77},[71,141,142],{"class":109}," 变量名 ",[71,144,145],{"class":77},"=",[71,147,148],{"class":109}," {};",[71,150,151],{"class":125},"        \u002F\u002F 全部初始化为零\n",[71,153,155,157,159,161,163,165,167,169,172],{"class":73,"line":154},3,[71,156,106],{"class":105},[71,158,110],{"class":109},[71,160,113],{"class":77},[71,162,116],{"class":109},[71,164,119],{"class":77},[71,166,142],{"class":109},[71,168,145],{"class":77},[71,170,171],{"class":109}," {v1, v2, ...};",[71,173,174],{"class":125}," \u002F\u002F 列表初始化\n",[16,176,177,88,179,92],{},[34,178,87],{},[20,180,91],{},[12,182,183],{"id":183},"常用用法",[185,186,187,201],"table",{},[188,189,190],"thead",{},[191,192,193,198],"tr",{},[194,195,197],"th",{"align":196},"left","操作",[194,199,200],{"align":196},"说明",[202,203,204,215,225,235,245,255,265,275],"tbody",{},[191,205,206,212],{},[207,208,209],"td",{"align":196},[20,210,211],{},"a[i]",[207,213,214],{"align":196},"随机访问（不检查越界）",[191,216,217,222],{},[207,218,219],{"align":196},[20,220,221],{},"a.at(i)",[207,223,224],{"align":196},"随机访问（检查越界）",[191,226,227,232],{},[207,228,229],{"align":196},[20,230,231],{},"a.size()",[207,233,234],{"align":196},"返回元素个数（编译期常量）",[191,236,237,242],{},[207,238,239],{"align":196},[20,240,241],{},"a.empty()",[207,243,244],{"align":196},"是否为空（永远为 false）",[191,246,247,252],{},[207,248,249],{"align":196},[20,250,251],{},"a.front()",[207,253,254],{"align":196},"返回第一个元素",[191,256,257,262],{},[207,258,259],{"align":196},[20,260,261],{},"a.back()",[207,263,264],{"align":196},"返回最后一个元素",[191,266,267,272],{},[207,268,269],{"align":196},[20,270,271],{},"a.fill(val)",[207,273,274],{"align":196},"用 val 填充所有元素",[191,276,277,282],{},[207,278,279],{"align":196},[20,280,281],{},"a.data()",[207,283,284],{"align":196},"返回底层 C 数组指针",[12,286,287],{"id":287},"示例代码",[289,290,292],"h3",{"id":291},"示例-1创建-array-并访问元素","示例 1：创建 array 并访问元素",[62,294,296],{"className":64,"code":295,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Carray>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n    \u002F\u002F 创建一个包含 5 个 int 的 array，并初始化\n    std::array\u003Cint, 5> arr = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};\n\n    \u002F\u002F 用下标访问\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"arr[0] = \" \u003C\u003C arr[0] \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"arr[4] = \" \u003C\u003C arr[4] \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    \u002F\u002F 用 size() 获取大小\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"size = \" \u003C\u003C arr.size() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    return 0;\n}\n",[20,297,298,305,311,317,332,337,349,355,361,415,420,426,465,496,501,507,540,545,556],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,299,300,302],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,301,78],{"class":77},[71,303,304],{"class":81}," \u003Ciostream>\n",[71,306,307,309],{"class":73,"line":129},[71,308,78],{"class":77},[71,310,82],{"class":81},[71,312,313],{"class":73,"line":154},[71,314,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},true,"\n",[71,318,320,323,326,329],{"class":73,"line":319},4,[71,321,322],{"class":77},"using",[71,324,325],{"class":77}," namespace",[71,327,328],{"class":105}," std",[71,330,331],{"class":109},";\n",[71,333,335],{"class":73,"line":334},5,[71,336,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,338,340,343,346],{"class":73,"line":339},6,[71,341,342],{"class":77},"int",[71,344,345],{"class":105}," main",[71,347,348],{"class":109},"()\n",[71,350,352],{"class":73,"line":351},7,[71,353,354],{"class":109},"{\n",[71,356,358],{"class":73,"line":357},8,[71,359,360],{"class":125},"    \u002F\u002F 创建一个包含 5 个 int 的 array，并初始化\n",[71,362,364,367,369,372,375,379,381,384,386,389,392,394,397,399,402,404,407,409,412],{"class":73,"line":363},9,[71,365,366],{"class":105},"    std",[71,368,110],{"class":109},[71,370,371],{"class":77},"\u003Cint",[71,373,374],{"class":109},", ",[71,376,378],{"class":377},"sj4cs","5",[71,380,119],{"class":77},[71,382,383],{"class":109}," arr ",[71,385,145],{"class":77},[71,387,388],{"class":109}," {",[71,390,391],{"class":377},"10",[71,393,374],{"class":109},[71,395,396],{"class":377},"20",[71,398,374],{"class":109},[71,400,401],{"class":377},"30",[71,403,374],{"class":109},[71,405,406],{"class":377},"40",[71,408,374],{"class":109},[71,410,411],{"class":377},"50",[71,413,414],{"class":109},"};\n",[71,416,418],{"class":73,"line":417},10,[71,419,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,421,423],{"class":73,"line":422},11,[71,424,425],{"class":125},"    \u002F\u002F 用下标访问\n",[71,427,429,431,434,437,440,443,446,449,452,454,457,460,463],{"class":73,"line":428},12,[71,430,366],{"class":105},[71,432,433],{"class":109},"::cout ",[71,435,436],{"class":77},"\u003C\u003C",[71,438,439],{"class":81}," \"arr[0] = \"",[71,441,442],{"class":77}," \u003C\u003C",[71,444,445],{"class":109}," arr[",[71,447,448],{"class":377},"0",[71,450,451],{"class":109},"] ",[71,453,436],{"class":77},[71,455,456],{"class":81}," \"",[71,458,459],{"class":377},"\\n",[71,461,462],{"class":81},"\"",[71,464,331],{"class":109},[71,466,468,470,472,474,477,479,481,484,486,488,490,492,494],{"class":73,"line":467},13,[71,469,366],{"class":105},[71,471,433],{"class":109},[71,473,436],{"class":77},[71,475,476],{"class":81}," \"arr[4] = \"",[71,478,442],{"class":77},[71,480,445],{"class":109},[71,482,483],{"class":377},"4",[71,485,451],{"class":109},[71,487,436],{"class":77},[71,489,456],{"class":81},[71,491,459],{"class":377},[71,493,462],{"class":81},[71,495,331],{"class":109},[71,497,499],{"class":73,"line":498},14,[71,500,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,502,504],{"class":73,"line":503},15,[71,505,506],{"class":125},"    \u002F\u002F 用 size() 获取大小\n",[71,508,510,512,514,516,519,521,524,527,530,532,534,536,538],{"class":73,"line":509},16,[71,511,366],{"class":105},[71,513,433],{"class":109},[71,515,436],{"class":77},[71,517,518],{"class":81}," \"size = \"",[71,520,442],{"class":77},[71,522,523],{"class":109}," arr.",[71,525,526],{"class":105},"size",[71,528,529],{"class":109},"() ",[71,531,436],{"class":77},[71,533,456],{"class":81},[71,535,459],{"class":377},[71,537,462],{"class":81},[71,539,331],{"class":109},[71,541,543],{"class":73,"line":542},17,[71,544,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,546,548,551,554],{"class":73,"line":547},18,[71,549,550],{"class":77},"    return",[71,552,553],{"class":377}," 0",[71,555,331],{"class":109},[71,557,559],{"class":73,"line":558},19,[71,560,561],{"class":109},"}\n",[16,563,564,567],{},[34,565,566],{},"运行结果","：",[62,569,574],{"className":570,"code":572,"language":573},[571],"language-text","arr[0] = 10\narr[4] = 50\nsize = 5\n","text",[20,575,572],{"__ignoreMap":67},[289,577,579],{"id":578},"示例-2在示例-1-基础上用-at-安全访问和-fill-填充","示例 2：在示例 1 基础上，用 at() 安全访问和 fill() 填充",[62,581,583],{"className":64,"code":582,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Carray>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n    std::array\u003Cint, 5> arr = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};\n\n    \u002F\u002F 用 at() 安全访问\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"arr.at(2) = \" \u003C\u003C arr.at(2) \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    \u002F\u002F 用 fill() 将所有元素设为同一个值\n    arr.fill(99);\n\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"after fill: \";\n    for (int n : arr)\n    {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C n \u003C\u003C \" \";\n    }\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    return 0;\n}\n",[20,584,585,591,597,601,611,615,623,627,667,671,676,713,717,722,738,742,755,768,773,792,798,815,820,829],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,586,587,589],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,588,78],{"class":77},[71,590,304],{"class":81},[71,592,593,595],{"class":73,"line":129},[71,594,78],{"class":77},[71,596,82],{"class":81},[71,598,599],{"class":73,"line":154},[71,600,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,602,603,605,607,609],{"class":73,"line":319},[71,604,322],{"class":77},[71,606,325],{"class":77},[71,608,328],{"class":105},[71,610,331],{"class":109},[71,612,613],{"class":73,"line":334},[71,614,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,616,617,619,621],{"class":73,"line":339},[71,618,342],{"class":77},[71,620,345],{"class":105},[71,622,348],{"class":109},[71,624,625],{"class":73,"line":351},[71,626,354],{"class":109},[71,628,629,631,633,635,637,639,641,643,645,647,649,651,653,655,657,659,661,663,665],{"class":73,"line":357},[71,630,366],{"class":105},[71,632,110],{"class":109},[71,634,371],{"class":77},[71,636,374],{"class":109},[71,638,378],{"class":377},[71,640,119],{"class":77},[71,642,383],{"class":109},[71,644,145],{"class":77},[71,646,388],{"class":109},[71,648,391],{"class":377},[71,650,374],{"class":109},[71,652,396],{"class":377},[71,654,374],{"class":109},[71,656,401],{"class":377},[71,658,374],{"class":109},[71,660,406],{"class":377},[71,662,374],{"class":109},[71,664,411],{"class":377},[71,666,414],{"class":109},[71,668,669],{"class":73,"line":363},[71,670,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,672,673],{"class":73,"line":417},[71,674,675],{"class":125},"    \u002F\u002F 用 at() 安全访问\n",[71,677,678,680,682,684,687,689,691,694,697,700,703,705,707,709,711],{"class":73,"line":422},[71,679,366],{"class":105},[71,681,433],{"class":109},[71,683,436],{"class":77},[71,685,686],{"class":81}," \"arr.at(2) = \"",[71,688,442],{"class":77},[71,690,523],{"class":109},[71,692,693],{"class":105},"at",[71,695,696],{"class":109},"(",[71,698,699],{"class":377},"2",[71,701,702],{"class":109},") ",[71,704,436],{"class":77},[71,706,456],{"class":81},[71,708,459],{"class":377},[71,710,462],{"class":81},[71,712,331],{"class":109},[71,714,715],{"class":73,"line":428},[71,716,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,718,719],{"class":73,"line":467},[71,720,721],{"class":125},"    \u002F\u002F 用 fill() 将所有元素设为同一个值\n",[71,723,724,727,730,732,735],{"class":73,"line":498},[71,725,726],{"class":109},"    arr.",[71,728,729],{"class":105},"fill",[71,731,696],{"class":109},[71,733,734],{"class":377},"99",[71,736,737],{"class":109},");\n",[71,739,740],{"class":73,"line":503},[71,741,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,743,744,746,748,750,753],{"class":73,"line":509},[71,745,366],{"class":105},[71,747,433],{"class":109},[71,749,436],{"class":77},[71,751,752],{"class":81}," \"after fill: \"",[71,754,331],{"class":109},[71,756,757,760,763,765],{"class":73,"line":542},[71,758,759],{"class":77},"    for",[71,761,762],{"class":109}," (",[71,764,342],{"class":77},[71,766,767],{"class":109}," n : arr)\n",[71,769,770],{"class":73,"line":547},[71,771,772],{"class":109},"    {\n",[71,774,775,778,780,782,785,787,790],{"class":73,"line":558},[71,776,777],{"class":105},"        std",[71,779,433],{"class":109},[71,781,436],{"class":77},[71,783,784],{"class":109}," n ",[71,786,436],{"class":77},[71,788,789],{"class":81}," \" \"",[71,791,331],{"class":109},[71,793,795],{"class":73,"line":794},20,[71,796,797],{"class":109},"    }\n",[71,799,801,803,805,807,809,811,813],{"class":73,"line":800},21,[71,802,366],{"class":105},[71,804,433],{"class":109},[71,806,436],{"class":77},[71,808,456],{"class":81},[71,810,459],{"class":377},[71,812,462],{"class":81},[71,814,331],{"class":109},[71,816,818],{"class":73,"line":817},22,[71,819,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,821,823,825,827],{"class":73,"line":822},23,[71,824,550],{"class":77},[71,826,553],{"class":377},[71,828,331],{"class":109},[71,830,832],{"class":73,"line":831},24,[71,833,561],{"class":109},[16,835,836,567],{},[34,837,566],{},[62,839,842],{"className":840,"code":841,"language":573},[571],"arr.at(2) = 30\nafter fill: 99 99 99 99 99 \n",[20,843,841],{"__ignoreMap":67},[289,845,847],{"id":846},"示例-3在示例-2-基础上对比-c-数组和-stdarray-传递参数","示例 3：在示例 2 基础上，对比 C 数组和 std::array 传递参数",[62,849,851],{"className":64,"code":850,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Carray>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\n\u002F\u002F C 风格：数组退化为指针，丢失大小信息\nvoid print_c_array(int* arr, int size)\n{\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"C array: \";\n    for (int i = 0; i \u003C size; ++i)\n    {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C arr[i] \u003C\u003C \" \";\n    }\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F std::array：大小信息不丢失\nvoid print_std_array(const std::array\u003Cint, 5>& arr)\n{\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"std::array: \";\n    for (int n : arr)\n    {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C n \u003C\u003C \" \";\n    }\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"size from inside function = \" \u003C\u003C arr.size() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n    std::array\u003Cint, 5> arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\n\n    \u002F\u002F C 风格：需要额外传大小\n    print_c_array(arr.data(), arr.size());\n\n    \u002F\u002F std::array：自带大小信息\n    print_std_array(arr);\n\n    return 0;\n}\n",[20,852,853,859,865,869,879,883,888,915,919,932,961,965,982,986,1002,1006,1010,1015,1052,1056,1069,1079,1083,1099,1103,1120,1150,1155,1160,1169,1174,1217,1222,1228,1248,1253,1259,1268,1273,1282],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,854,855,857],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,856,78],{"class":77},[71,858,304],{"class":81},[71,860,861,863],{"class":73,"line":129},[71,862,78],{"class":77},[71,864,82],{"class":81},[71,866,867],{"class":73,"line":154},[71,868,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,870,871,873,875,877],{"class":73,"line":319},[71,872,322],{"class":77},[71,874,325],{"class":77},[71,876,328],{"class":105},[71,878,331],{"class":109},[71,880,881],{"class":73,"line":334},[71,882,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,884,885],{"class":73,"line":339},[71,886,887],{"class":125},"\u002F\u002F C 风格：数组退化为指针，丢失大小信息\n",[71,889,890,893,896,898,901,905,907,909,912],{"class":73,"line":351},[71,891,892],{"class":77},"void",[71,894,895],{"class":105}," print_c_array",[71,897,696],{"class":109},[71,899,900],{"class":77},"int*",[71,902,904],{"class":903},"s4XuR"," arr",[71,906,374],{"class":109},[71,908,342],{"class":77},[71,910,911],{"class":903}," size",[71,913,914],{"class":109},")\n",[71,916,917],{"class":73,"line":357},[71,918,354],{"class":109},[71,920,921,923,925,927,930],{"class":73,"line":363},[71,922,366],{"class":105},[71,924,433],{"class":109},[71,926,436],{"class":77},[71,928,929],{"class":81}," \"C array: \"",[71,931,331],{"class":109},[71,933,934,936,938,940,943,945,947,950,952,955,958],{"class":73,"line":417},[71,935,759],{"class":77},[71,937,762],{"class":109},[71,939,342],{"class":77},[71,941,942],{"class":109}," i ",[71,944,145],{"class":77},[71,946,553],{"class":377},[71,948,949],{"class":109},"; i ",[71,951,113],{"class":77},[71,953,954],{"class":109}," size; ",[71,956,957],{"class":77},"++",[71,959,960],{"class":109},"i)\n",[71,962,963],{"class":73,"line":422},[71,964,772],{"class":109},[71,966,967,969,971,973,976,978,980],{"class":73,"line":428},[71,968,777],{"class":105},[71,970,433],{"class":109},[71,972,436],{"class":77},[71,974,975],{"class":109}," arr[i] ",[71,977,436],{"class":77},[71,979,789],{"class":81},[71,981,331],{"class":109},[71,983,984],{"class":73,"line":467},[71,985,797],{"class":109},[71,987,988,990,992,994,996,998,1000],{"class":73,"line":498},[71,989,366],{"class":105},[71,991,433],{"class":109},[71,993,436],{"class":77},[71,995,456],{"class":81},[71,997,459],{"class":377},[71,999,462],{"class":81},[71,1001,331],{"class":109},[71,1003,1004],{"class":73,"line":503},[71,1005,561],{"class":109},[71,1007,1008],{"class":73,"line":509},[71,1009,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,1011,1012],{"class":73,"line":542},[71,1013,1014],{"class":125},"\u002F\u002F std::array：大小信息不丢失\n",[71,1016,1017,1019,1022,1024,1027,1029,1032,1035,1037,1039,1041,1043,1045,1048,1050],{"class":73,"line":547},[71,1018,892],{"class":77},[71,1020,1021],{"class":105}," print_std_array",[71,1023,696],{"class":109},[71,1025,1026],{"class":77},"const",[71,1028,328],{"class":105},[71,1030,1031],{"class":109},"::",[71,1033,1034],{"class":105},"array",[71,1036,113],{"class":109},[71,1038,342],{"class":77},[71,1040,374],{"class":109},[71,1042,378],{"class":377},[71,1044,119],{"class":109},[71,1046,1047],{"class":77},"&",[71,1049,904],{"class":903},[71,1051,914],{"class":109},[71,1053,1054],{"class":73,"line":558},[71,1055,354],{"class":109},[71,1057,1058,1060,1062,1064,1067],{"class":73,"line":794},[71,1059,366],{"class":105},[71,1061,433],{"class":109},[71,1063,436],{"class":77},[71,1065,1066],{"class":81}," \"std::array: \"",[71,1068,331],{"class":109},[71,1070,1071,1073,1075,1077],{"class":73,"line":800},[71,1072,759],{"class":77},[71,1074,762],{"class":109},[71,1076,342],{"class":77},[71,1078,767],{"class":109},[71,1080,1081],{"class":73,"line":817},[71,1082,772],{"class":109},[71,1084,1085,1087,1089,1091,1093,1095,1097],{"class":73,"line":822},[71,1086,777],{"class":105},[71,1088,433],{"class":109},[71,1090,436],{"class":77},[71,1092,784],{"class":109},[71,1094,436],{"class":77},[71,1096,789],{"class":81},[71,1098,331],{"class":109},[71,1100,1101],{"class":73,"line":831},[71,1102,797],{"class":109},[71,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112,1114,1116,1118],{"class":73,"line":1105},25,[71,1107,366],{"class":105},[71,1109,433],{"class":109},[71,1111,436],{"class":77},[71,1113,456],{"class":81},[71,1115,459],{"class":377},[71,1117,462],{"class":81},[71,1119,331],{"class":109},[71,1121,1123,1125,1127,1129,1132,1134,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144,1146,1148],{"class":73,"line":1122},26,[71,1124,366],{"class":105},[71,1126,433],{"class":109},[71,1128,436],{"class":77},[71,1130,1131],{"class":81}," \"size from inside function = \"",[71,1133,442],{"class":77},[71,1135,523],{"class":109},[71,1137,526],{"class":105},[71,1139,529],{"class":109},[71,1141,436],{"class":77},[71,1143,456],{"class":81},[71,1145,459],{"class":377},[71,1147,462],{"class":81},[71,1149,331],{"class":109},[71,1151,1153],{"class":73,"line":1152},27,[71,1154,561],{"class":109},[71,1156,1158],{"class":73,"line":1157},28,[71,1159,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,1161,1163,1165,1167],{"class":73,"line":1162},29,[71,1164,342],{"class":77},[71,1166,345],{"class":105},[71,1168,348],{"class":109},[71,1170,1172],{"class":73,"line":1171},30,[71,1173,354],{"class":109},[71,1175,1177,1179,1181,1183,1185,1187,1189,1191,1193,1195,1198,1200,1202,1204,1207,1209,1211,1213,1215],{"class":73,"line":1176},31,[71,1178,366],{"class":105},[71,1180,110],{"class":109},[71,1182,371],{"class":77},[71,1184,374],{"class":109},[71,1186,378],{"class":377},[71,1188,119],{"class":77},[71,1190,383],{"class":109},[71,1192,145],{"class":77},[71,1194,388],{"class":109},[71,1196,1197],{"class":377},"1",[71,1199,374],{"class":109},[71,1201,699],{"class":377},[71,1203,374],{"class":109},[71,1205,1206],{"class":377},"3",[71,1208,374],{"class":109},[71,1210,483],{"class":377},[71,1212,374],{"class":109},[71,1214,378],{"class":377},[71,1216,414],{"class":109},[71,1218,1220],{"class":73,"line":1219},32,[71,1221,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,1223,1225],{"class":73,"line":1224},33,[71,1226,1227],{"class":125},"    \u002F\u002F C 风格：需要额外传大小\n",[71,1229,1231,1234,1237,1240,1243,1245],{"class":73,"line":1230},34,[71,1232,1233],{"class":105},"    print_c_array",[71,1235,1236],{"class":109},"(arr.",[71,1238,1239],{"class":105},"data",[71,1241,1242],{"class":109},"(), arr.",[71,1244,526],{"class":105},[71,1246,1247],{"class":109},"());\n",[71,1249,1251],{"class":73,"line":1250},35,[71,1252,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,1254,1256],{"class":73,"line":1255},36,[71,1257,1258],{"class":125},"    \u002F\u002F std::array：自带大小信息\n",[71,1260,1262,1265],{"class":73,"line":1261},37,[71,1263,1264],{"class":105},"    print_std_array",[71,1266,1267],{"class":109},"(arr);\n",[71,1269,1271],{"class":73,"line":1270},38,[71,1272,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,1274,1276,1278,1280],{"class":73,"line":1275},39,[71,1277,550],{"class":77},[71,1279,553],{"class":377},[71,1281,331],{"class":109},[71,1283,1285],{"class":73,"line":1284},40,[71,1286,561],{"class":109},[16,1288,1289,567],{},[34,1290,566],{},[62,1292,1295],{"className":1293,"code":1294,"language":573},[571],"C array: 1 2 3 4 5 \nstd::array: 1 2 3 4 5 \nsize from inside function = 5\n",[20,1296,1294],{"__ignoreMap":67},[12,1298,566],{"id":566},[16,1300,1301],{},"见上方每个示例的\"运行结果\"。",[12,1303,1304],{"id":1304},"示例中的关键语法解释",[185,1306,1307,1326],{},[188,1308,1309],{},[191,1310,1311,1314,1317,1320,1323],{},[194,1312,1313],{"align":196},"示例",[194,1315,1316],{"align":196},"讲了什么",[194,1318,1319],{"align":196},"新出现的语法",[194,1321,1322],{"align":196},"为什么这样写",[194,1324,1325],{"align":196},"注意事项",[202,1327,1328,1352,1381],{},[191,1329,1330,1333,1336,1343,1349],{},[207,1331,1332],{"align":196},"示例 1",[207,1334,1335],{"align":196},"创建 array 和基本访问",[207,1337,1338,1340,1341],{"align":196},[20,1339,49],{},"、",[20,1342,40],{},[207,1344,1345,1346,1348],{"align":196},"array 大小是编译期常量，",[20,1347,40],{}," 返回固定值",[207,1350,1351],{"align":196},"大小必须是编译期常量，不能传变量",[191,1353,1354,1357,1360,1368,1376],{},[207,1355,1356],{"align":196},"示例 2",[207,1358,1359],{"align":196},"at() 安全访问和 fill() 填充",[207,1361,1362,1340,1365],{"align":196},[20,1363,1364],{},"at()",[20,1366,1367],{},"fill()",[207,1369,1370,1372,1373,1375],{"align":196},[20,1371,1364],{}," 越界会抛异常；",[20,1374,1367],{}," 方便批量赋值",[207,1377,1378,1380],{"align":196},[20,1379,1367],{}," 对所有元素赋相同值",[191,1382,1383,1386,1389,1397,1400],{},[207,1384,1385],{"align":196},"示例 3",[207,1387,1388],{"align":196},"对比 C 数组和 array 传参",[207,1390,1391,1340,1394],{"align":196},[20,1392,1393],{},"data()",[20,1395,1396],{},"const std::array\u003Cint,5>&",[207,1398,1399],{"align":196},"array 传参时大小信息不丢失",[207,1401,1402],{"align":196},"array 大小是类型的一部分，不同大小是不同的类型",[12,1404,1406],{"id":1405},"array-和-vector-的区别什么时候明显","array 和 vector 的区别什么时候明显",[16,1408,1409,1410,1412,1413,1416],{},"如果只是存 5 个整数，",[20,1411,1034],{}," 和 ",[20,1414,1415],{},"vector"," 看起来都能用。但放到工程里，差异主要体现在“大小是否固定”和“是否需要动态扩容”：",[185,1418,1419,1432],{},[188,1420,1421],{},[191,1422,1423,1426,1429],{},[194,1424,1425],{"align":196},"场景",[194,1427,1428],{"align":196},"推荐",[194,1430,1431],{"align":196},"原因",[202,1433,1434,1450,1465,1478],{},[191,1435,1436,1442,1447],{},[207,1437,1438,1439],{"align":196},"三轴 IMU 数据 ",[20,1440,1441],{},"{x, y, z}",[207,1443,1444],{"align":196},[20,1445,1446],{},"std::array\u003Cdouble, 3>",[207,1448,1449],{"align":196},"大小永远是 3，不需要扩容",[191,1451,1452,1458,1462],{},[207,1453,1454,1455],{"align":196},"固定长度 PID 参数 ",[20,1456,1457],{},"{kp, ki, kd}",[207,1459,1460],{"align":196},[20,1461,1446],{},[207,1463,1464],{"align":196},"编译期就知道大小，语义明确",[191,1466,1467,1470,1475],{},[207,1468,1469],{"align":196},"运行时读取一批传感器点",[207,1471,1472],{"align":196},[20,1473,1474],{},"std::vector\u003CPoint>",[207,1476,1477],{"align":196},"点的数量运行时才知道",[191,1479,1480,1483,1488],{},[207,1481,1482],{"align":196},"用户输入任意数量数据",[207,1484,1485],{"align":196},[20,1486,1487],{},"std::vector\u003CT>",[207,1489,1490,1491,1494],{"align":196},"需要 ",[20,1492,1493],{},"push_back"," 动态增长",[16,1496,1497,1499,1500,1502,1503,1505,1506,1508],{},[20,1498,1034],{}," 更像“有 STL 接口的固定数组”，",[20,1501,1415],{}," 更像“会变长的数组”。不要因为 ",[20,1504,1034],{}," 更轻量就到处用它：只要元素个数运行时才知道，就应该用 ",[20,1507,1415],{},"。",[289,1510,1512],{"id":1511},"示例-4固定三轴数据更适合-array","示例 4：固定三轴数据更适合 array",[62,1514,1516],{"className":64,"code":1515,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"#include \u003Carray>\n#include \u003Ciostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\n\u002F\u002F std::array 是固定长度数组，长度在编译期就确定。\ndouble norm3(const std::array\u003Cdouble, 3>& v)\n{\n    return v[0] * v[0] + v[1] * v[1] + v[2] * v[2];\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n    \u002F\u002F 程序从 main 函数开始执行，下面的语句会按顺序运行。\n    std::array\u003Cdouble, 3> accel = {0.1, 0.2, 9.8};\n\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"accel size = \" \u003C\u003C accel.size() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"squared norm = \" \u003C\u003C norm3(accel) \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    return 0;\n}\n",[20,1517,1518,1524,1530,1534,1544,1548,1553,1588,1592,1646,1650,1654,1662,1666,1671,1708,1712,1742,1770,1774,1782],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1519,1520,1522],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1521,78],{"class":77},[71,1523,82],{"class":81},[71,1525,1526,1528],{"class":73,"line":129},[71,1527,78],{"class":77},[71,1529,304],{"class":81},[71,1531,1532],{"class":73,"line":154},[71,1533,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,1535,1536,1538,1540,1542],{"class":73,"line":319},[71,1537,322],{"class":77},[71,1539,325],{"class":77},[71,1541,328],{"class":105},[71,1543,331],{"class":109},[71,1545,1546],{"class":73,"line":334},[71,1547,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,1549,1550],{"class":73,"line":339},[71,1551,1552],{"class":125},"\u002F\u002F std::array 是固定长度数组，长度在编译期就确定。\n",[71,1554,1555,1558,1561,1563,1565,1567,1569,1571,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583,1586],{"class":73,"line":351},[71,1556,1557],{"class":77},"double",[71,1559,1560],{"class":105}," norm3",[71,1562,696],{"class":109},[71,1564,1026],{"class":77},[71,1566,328],{"class":105},[71,1568,1031],{"class":109},[71,1570,1034],{"class":105},[71,1572,113],{"class":109},[71,1574,1557],{"class":77},[71,1576,374],{"class":109},[71,1578,1206],{"class":377},[71,1580,119],{"class":109},[71,1582,1047],{"class":77},[71,1584,1585],{"class":903}," v",[71,1587,914],{"class":109},[71,1589,1590],{"class":73,"line":357},[71,1591,354],{"class":109},[71,1593,1594,1596,1599,1601,1603,1606,1608,1610,1612,1615,1617,1619,1621,1623,1625,1627,1629,1631,1633,1635,1637,1639,1641,1643],{"class":73,"line":363},[71,1595,550],{"class":77},[71,1597,1598],{"class":109}," v[",[71,1600,448],{"class":377},[71,1602,451],{"class":109},[71,1604,1605],{"class":77},"*",[71,1607,1598],{"class":109},[71,1609,448],{"class":377},[71,1611,451],{"class":109},[71,1613,1614],{"class":77},"+",[71,1616,1598],{"class":109},[71,1618,1197],{"class":377},[71,1620,451],{"class":109},[71,1622,1605],{"class":77},[71,1624,1598],{"class":109},[71,1626,1197],{"class":377},[71,1628,451],{"class":109},[71,1630,1614],{"class":77},[71,1632,1598],{"class":109},[71,1634,699],{"class":377},[71,1636,451],{"class":109},[71,1638,1605],{"class":77},[71,1640,1598],{"class":109},[71,1642,699],{"class":377},[71,1644,1645],{"class":109},"];\n",[71,1647,1648],{"class":73,"line":417},[71,1649,561],{"class":109},[71,1651,1652],{"class":73,"line":422},[71,1653,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,1655,1656,1658,1660],{"class":73,"line":428},[71,1657,342],{"class":77},[71,1659,345],{"class":105},[71,1661,348],{"class":109},[71,1663,1664],{"class":73,"line":467},[71,1665,354],{"class":109},[71,1667,1668],{"class":73,"line":498},[71,1669,1670],{"class":125},"    \u002F\u002F 程序从 main 函数开始执行，下面的语句会按顺序运行。\n",[71,1672,1673,1675,1677,1680,1682,1684,1686,1689,1691,1693,1696,1698,1701,1703,1706],{"class":73,"line":503},[71,1674,366],{"class":105},[71,1676,110],{"class":109},[71,1678,1679],{"class":77},"\u003Cdouble",[71,1681,374],{"class":109},[71,1683,1206],{"class":377},[71,1685,119],{"class":77},[71,1687,1688],{"class":109}," accel ",[71,1690,145],{"class":77},[71,1692,388],{"class":109},[71,1694,1695],{"class":377},"0.1",[71,1697,374],{"class":109},[71,1699,1700],{"class":377},"0.2",[71,1702,374],{"class":109},[71,1704,1705],{"class":377},"9.8",[71,1707,414],{"class":109},[71,1709,1710],{"class":73,"line":509},[71,1711,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,1713,1714,1716,1718,1720,1723,1725,1728,1730,1732,1734,1736,1738,1740],{"class":73,"line":542},[71,1715,366],{"class":105},[71,1717,433],{"class":109},[71,1719,436],{"class":77},[71,1721,1722],{"class":81}," \"accel size = \"",[71,1724,442],{"class":77},[71,1726,1727],{"class":109}," accel.",[71,1729,526],{"class":105},[71,1731,529],{"class":109},[71,1733,436],{"class":77},[71,1735,456],{"class":81},[71,1737,459],{"class":377},[71,1739,462],{"class":81},[71,1741,331],{"class":109},[71,1743,1744,1746,1748,1750,1753,1755,1757,1760,1762,1764,1766,1768],{"class":73,"line":547},[71,1745,366],{"class":105},[71,1747,433],{"class":109},[71,1749,436],{"class":77},[71,1751,1752],{"class":81}," \"squared norm = \"",[71,1754,442],{"class":77},[71,1756,1560],{"class":105},[71,1758,1759],{"class":109},"(accel) ",[71,1761,436],{"class":77},[71,1763,456],{"class":81},[71,1765,459],{"class":377},[71,1767,462],{"class":81},[71,1769,331],{"class":109},[71,1771,1772],{"class":73,"line":558},[71,1773,316],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":315},[71,1775,1776,1778,1780],{"class":73,"line":794},[71,1777,550],{"class":77},[71,1779,553],{"class":377},[71,1781,331],{"class":109},[71,1783,1784],{"class":73,"line":800},[71,1785,561],{"class":109},[16,1787,1788,567],{},[34,1789,566],{},[62,1791,1794],{"className":1792,"code":1793,"language":573},[571],"accel size = 3\nsquared norm = 96.09\n",[20,1795,1793],{"__ignoreMap":67},[16,1797,1798,1799,1801,1802,1805],{},"这个例子中，三轴数据必须正好是 3 个值。用 ",[20,1800,1446],{}," 可以把这个约束写进类型里；如果误传 ",[20,1803,1804],{},"std::array\u003Cdouble, 2>","，编译期就会报错。",[12,1807,1808],{"id":1808},"常见错误",[16,1810,1811],{},[34,1812,1813],{},"错误 1：用变量指定 array 大小",[62,1815,1817],{"className":64,"code":1816,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"int n = 5;\nstd::array\u003Cint, n> arr;  \u002F\u002F ❌ 编译错误！n 必须是编译期常量\n",[20,1818,1819,1832],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1820,1821,1823,1825,1827,1830],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1822,342],{"class":77},[71,1824,784],{"class":109},[71,1826,145],{"class":77},[71,1828,1829],{"class":377}," 5",[71,1831,331],{"class":109},[71,1833,1834,1836,1838,1840,1843,1845,1848],{"class":73,"line":129},[71,1835,106],{"class":105},[71,1837,110],{"class":109},[71,1839,371],{"class":77},[71,1841,1842],{"class":109},", n",[71,1844,119],{"class":77},[71,1846,1847],{"class":109}," arr;",[71,1849,1850],{"class":125},"  \u002F\u002F ❌ 编译错误！n 必须是编译期常量\n",[16,1852,1853,88,1855,92],{},[34,1854,87],{},[20,1856,91],{},[16,1858,1859,1860,1863,1864,1508],{},"正确做法：用 ",[20,1861,1862],{},"constexpr"," 常量，或者改用 ",[20,1865,26],{},[16,1867,1868],{},[34,1869,1870],{},"错误 2：忘记初始化就访问",[62,1872,1874],{"className":64,"code":1873,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"std::array\u003Cint, 5> arr;   \u002F\u002F 值未定义（栈上的垃圾值）\nstd::cout \u003C\u003C arr[0];      \u002F\u002F ❌ 未定义行为\n",[20,1875,1876,1895],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1877,1878,1880,1882,1884,1886,1888,1890,1892],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1879,106],{"class":105},[71,1881,110],{"class":109},[71,1883,371],{"class":77},[71,1885,374],{"class":109},[71,1887,378],{"class":377},[71,1889,119],{"class":77},[71,1891,1847],{"class":109},[71,1893,1894],{"class":125},"   \u002F\u002F 值未定义（栈上的垃圾值）\n",[71,1896,1897,1899,1901,1903,1905,1907,1910],{"class":73,"line":129},[71,1898,106],{"class":105},[71,1900,433],{"class":109},[71,1902,436],{"class":77},[71,1904,445],{"class":109},[71,1906,448],{"class":377},[71,1908,1909],{"class":109},"];",[71,1911,1912],{"class":125},"      \u002F\u002F ❌ 未定义行为\n",[16,1914,1915,88,1917,92],{},[34,1916,87],{},[20,1918,91],{},[16,1920,1859,1921,1924,1925,1508],{},[20,1922,1923],{},"{}"," 初始化或 ",[20,1926,1367],{},[16,1928,1929],{},[34,1930,1931],{},"错误 3：不同大小的 array 互相赋值",[62,1933,1935],{"className":64,"code":1934,"language":66,"meta":67,"style":67},"std::array\u003Cint, 3> a = {1, 2, 3};\nstd::array\u003Cint, 5> b = a;  \u002F\u002F ❌ 编译错误！类型不同\n",[20,1936,1937,1970],{"__ignoreMap":67},[71,1938,1939,1941,1943,1945,1947,1949,1951,1954,1956,1958,1960,1962,1964,1966,1968],{"class":73,"line":74},[71,1940,106],{"class":105},[71,1942,110],{"class":109},[71,1944,371],{"class":77},[71,1946,374],{"class":109},[71,1948,1206],{"class":377},[71,1950,119],{"class":77},[71,1952,1953],{"class":109}," a ",[71,1955,145],{"class":77},[71,1957,388],{"class":109},[71,1959,1197],{"class":377},[71,1961,374],{"class":109},[71,1963,699],{"class":377},[71,1965,374],{"class":109},[71,1967,1206],{"class":377},[71,1969,414],{"class":109},[71,1971,1972,1974,1976,1978,1980,1982,1984,1987,1989,1992],{"class":73,"line":129},[71,1973,106],{"class":105},[71,1975,110],{"class":109},[71,1977,371],{"class":77},[71,1979,374],{"class":109},[71,1981,378],{"class":377},[71,1983,119],{"class":77},[71,1985,1986],{"class":109}," b ",[71,1988,145],{"class":77},[71,1990,1991],{"class":109}," a;",[71,1993,1994],{"class":125},"  \u002F\u002F ❌ 编译错误！类型不同\n",[16,1996,1997,88,1999,92],{},[34,1998,87],{},[20,2000,91],{},[16,2002,2003,2004,1412,2007,2010],{},"正确做法：",[20,2005,2006],{},"std::array\u003Cint,3>",[20,2008,2009],{},"std::array\u003Cint,5>"," 是不同的类型，不能互相赋值。",[12,2012,2013],{"id":2013},"使用建议",[2015,2016,2017,2030,2042,2050],"ol",{},[2018,2019,2020,2023,2024,2026,2027,2029],"li",{},[34,2021,2022],{},"编译期确定大小用 array","：如果大小在编译时就已知，用 ",[20,2025,5],{}," 比 ",[20,2028,26],{}," 更轻量（无堆分配）。",[2018,2031,2032,2035,2036,2038,2039,1508],{},[34,2033,2034],{},"代替 C 数组","：能用 ",[20,2037,5],{}," 的地方就不要用 ",[20,2040,2041],{},"int arr[N]",[2018,2043,2044,567,2047,2049],{},[34,2045,2046],{},"传参注意大小",[20,2048,49],{}," 的大小是类型的一部分，函数签名要指定 N。",[2018,2051,2052,2055,2056,2058,2059,2061],{},[34,2053,2054],{},"可赋值","：和 C 数组不同，",[20,2057,5],{}," 能用 ",[20,2060,145],{}," 整体赋值（相同类型）。",[12,2063,2064],{"id":2064},"小结",[2066,2067,2068,2073,2081,2084],"ul",{},[2018,2069,2070,2072],{},[20,2071,49],{}," 封装了固定大小的数组，大小在编译期确定。",[2018,2074,2075,2076,1340,2078,2080],{},"拥有 STL 容器的标准接口（",[20,2077,40],{},[20,2079,1364],{},"、迭代器等）。",[2018,2082,2083],{},"可以整体赋值，传给函数时不会退化为指针，大小信息不丢失。",[2018,2085,2086,2087,2089],{},"适用于编译期已知大小的场景，比 ",[20,2088,1415],{}," 更轻量。",[2091,2092,2093],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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