[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2157},["ShallowReactive",2],{"wiki-page-\u002Fwiki\u002F2023-10-05-cplusplus-jiao-xue\u002F1200-yin-yong":3,"wiki-doc-items-2023-10-05-cplusplus-jiao-xue":1597,"wiki:author-members":2145},{"id":4,"title":5,"authors":6,"body":8,"chapterDepth":1584,"chapterOrder":1585,"date":1586,"description":44,"docKey":1587,"docRoot":1588,"docTitle":1589,"extension":1590,"isWikiDoc":76,"isWikiIndex":1591,"meta":1592,"navigation":76,"path":1593,"seo":1594,"stem":1595,"wikiDepth":51,"__hash__":1596},"wiki\u002Fwiki\u002F2023-10-05-Cplusplus教学\u002F1200-引用.md","引用",[7],"董佳辉",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":1574},"minimark",[11,14,18,22,33,38,250,255,263,266,276,278,432,436,442,445,448,451,455,861,865,871,877,880,883,889,892,896,1184,1193,1196,1199,1205,1208,1369,1373,1379,1382,1385,1388,1391,1395,1560,1564,1570],[12,13,5],"h2",{"id":5},[15,16,17],"h3",{"id":17},"引用的基本使用",[19,20,21],"p",{},"**作用： **给变量起别名",[19,23,24,28,29],{},[25,26,27],"strong",{},"语法："," ",[30,31,32],"code",{},"数据类型 &别名 = 原名",[19,34,35],{},[25,36,37],{},"示例：",[39,40,45],"pre",{"className":41,"code":42,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"language-cpp shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","int main() {\n    \u002F\u002F 程序从 main 函数开始执行，下面的语句会按顺序运行。\n\n    int a = 10;\n    int &b = a;\n\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"a = \" \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"b = \" \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C endl;\n\n    b = 100;\n\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"a = \" \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"b = \" \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C endl;\n\n\n    \u002F\u002F 返回 0 表示程序正常结束。\n    return 0;\n}\n","cpp","",[30,46,47,64,71,78,97,113,118,141,160,165,178,183,200,217,222,227,233,244],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49,52,56,60],"span",{"class":50,"line":51},"line",1,[48,53,55],{"class":54},"szBVR","int",[48,57,59],{"class":58},"sScJk"," main",[48,61,63],{"class":62},"sVt8B","() {\n",[48,65,67],{"class":50,"line":66},2,[48,68,70],{"class":69},"sJ8bj","    \u002F\u002F 程序从 main 函数开始执行，下面的语句会按顺序运行。\n",[48,72,74],{"class":50,"line":73},3,[48,75,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},true,"\n",[48,79,81,84,87,90,94],{"class":50,"line":80},4,[48,82,83],{"class":54},"    int",[48,85,86],{"class":62}," a ",[48,88,89],{"class":54},"=",[48,91,93],{"class":92},"sj4cs"," 10",[48,95,96],{"class":62},";\n",[48,98,100,102,105,108,110],{"class":50,"line":99},5,[48,101,83],{"class":54},[48,103,104],{"class":54}," &",[48,106,107],{"class":62},"b ",[48,109,89],{"class":54},[48,111,112],{"class":62}," a;\n",[48,114,116],{"class":50,"line":115},6,[48,117,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,119,121,124,127,131,134,136,138],{"class":50,"line":120},7,[48,122,123],{"class":62},"    cout ",[48,125,126],{"class":54},"\u003C\u003C",[48,128,130],{"class":129},"sZZnC"," \"a = \"",[48,132,133],{"class":54}," \u003C\u003C",[48,135,86],{"class":62},[48,137,126],{"class":54},[48,139,140],{"class":62}," endl;\n",[48,142,144,146,148,151,153,156,158],{"class":50,"line":143},8,[48,145,123],{"class":62},[48,147,126],{"class":54},[48,149,150],{"class":129}," \"b = \"",[48,152,133],{"class":54},[48,154,155],{"class":62}," b ",[48,157,126],{"class":54},[48,159,140],{"class":62},[48,161,163],{"class":50,"line":162},9,[48,164,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,166,168,171,173,176],{"class":50,"line":167},10,[48,169,170],{"class":62},"    b ",[48,172,89],{"class":54},[48,174,175],{"class":92}," 100",[48,177,96],{"class":62},[48,179,181],{"class":50,"line":180},11,[48,182,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,184,186,188,190,192,194,196,198],{"class":50,"line":185},12,[48,187,123],{"class":62},[48,189,126],{"class":54},[48,191,130],{"class":129},[48,193,133],{"class":54},[48,195,86],{"class":62},[48,197,126],{"class":54},[48,199,140],{"class":62},[48,201,203,205,207,209,211,213,215],{"class":50,"line":202},13,[48,204,123],{"class":62},[48,206,126],{"class":54},[48,208,150],{"class":129},[48,210,133],{"class":54},[48,212,155],{"class":62},[48,214,126],{"class":54},[48,216,140],{"class":62},[48,218,220],{"class":50,"line":219},14,[48,221,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,223,225],{"class":50,"line":224},15,[48,226,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,228,230],{"class":50,"line":229},16,[48,231,232],{"class":69},"    \u002F\u002F 返回 0 表示程序正常结束。\n",[48,234,236,239,242],{"class":50,"line":235},17,[48,237,238],{"class":54},"    return",[48,240,241],{"class":92}," 0",[48,243,96],{"class":62},[48,245,247],{"class":50,"line":246},18,[48,248,249],{"class":62},"}\n",[19,251,252],{},[25,253,254],{},"运行结果：",[39,256,261],{"className":257,"code":259,"language":260,"meta":44},[258],"language-text","a = 10\nb = 10\na = 100\nb = 100\n","text",[30,262,259],{"__ignoreMap":44},[15,264,265],{"id":265},"引用注意事项",[267,268,269,273],"ul",{},[270,271,272],"li",{},"引用必须初始化",[270,274,275],{},"引用在初始化后，不可以改变",[19,277,37],{},[39,279,281],{"className":41,"code":280,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"int main() {\n\n    int a = 10;\n    int b = 20;\n    \u002F\u002Fint &c; \u002F\u002F错误，引用必须初始化\n    int &c = a; \u002F\u002F一旦初始化后，就不可以更改\n    c = b; \u002F\u002F这是赋值操作，不是更改引用\n\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"a = \" \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"b = \" \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"c = \" \u003C\u003C c \u003C\u003C endl;\n\n\n    return 0;\n}\n",[30,282,283,291,295,307,320,328,345,358,362,378,394,412,416,420,428],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,284,285,287,289],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,286,55],{"class":54},[48,288,59],{"class":58},[48,290,63],{"class":62},[48,292,293],{"class":50,"line":66},[48,294,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,296,297,299,301,303,305],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,298,83],{"class":54},[48,300,86],{"class":62},[48,302,89],{"class":54},[48,304,93],{"class":92},[48,306,96],{"class":62},[48,308,309,311,313,315,318],{"class":50,"line":80},[48,310,83],{"class":54},[48,312,155],{"class":62},[48,314,89],{"class":54},[48,316,317],{"class":92}," 20",[48,319,96],{"class":62},[48,321,322,325],{"class":50,"line":99},[48,323,324],{"class":69},"    \u002F\u002Fint &c;",[48,326,327],{"class":69}," \u002F\u002F错误，引用必须初始化\n",[48,329,330,332,334,337,339,342],{"class":50,"line":115},[48,331,83],{"class":54},[48,333,104],{"class":54},[48,335,336],{"class":62},"c ",[48,338,89],{"class":54},[48,340,341],{"class":62}," a;",[48,343,344],{"class":69}," \u002F\u002F一旦初始化后，就不可以更改\n",[48,346,347,350,352,355],{"class":50,"line":120},[48,348,349],{"class":62},"    c ",[48,351,89],{"class":54},[48,353,354],{"class":62}," b;",[48,356,357],{"class":69}," \u002F\u002F这是赋值操作，不是更改引用\n",[48,359,360],{"class":50,"line":143},[48,361,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,363,364,366,368,370,372,374,376],{"class":50,"line":162},[48,365,123],{"class":62},[48,367,126],{"class":54},[48,369,130],{"class":129},[48,371,133],{"class":54},[48,373,86],{"class":62},[48,375,126],{"class":54},[48,377,140],{"class":62},[48,379,380,382,384,386,388,390,392],{"class":50,"line":167},[48,381,123],{"class":62},[48,383,126],{"class":54},[48,385,150],{"class":129},[48,387,133],{"class":54},[48,389,155],{"class":62},[48,391,126],{"class":54},[48,393,140],{"class":62},[48,395,396,398,400,403,405,408,410],{"class":50,"line":180},[48,397,123],{"class":62},[48,399,126],{"class":54},[48,401,402],{"class":129}," \"c = \"",[48,404,133],{"class":54},[48,406,407],{"class":62}," c ",[48,409,126],{"class":54},[48,411,140],{"class":62},[48,413,414],{"class":50,"line":185},[48,415,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,417,418],{"class":50,"line":202},[48,419,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,421,422,424,426],{"class":50,"line":219},[48,423,238],{"class":54},[48,425,241],{"class":92},[48,427,96],{"class":62},[48,429,430],{"class":50,"line":224},[48,431,249],{"class":62},[19,433,434],{},[25,435,254],{},[39,437,440],{"className":438,"code":439,"language":260,"meta":44},[258],"a = 20\nb = 20\nc = 20\n",[30,441,439],{"__ignoreMap":44},[15,443,444],{"id":444},"引用做函数参数",[19,446,447],{},"**作用：**函数传参时，可以利用引用的技术让形参修饰实参",[19,449,450],{},"**优点：**可以简化指针修改实参",[19,452,453],{},[25,454,37],{},[39,456,458],{"className":41,"code":457,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u002F\u002F1. 值传递\nvoid mySwap01(int a, int b) {\n    int temp = a;\n    a = b;\n    b = temp;\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F2. 地址传递\nvoid mySwap02(int* a, int* b) {\n    int temp = *a;\n    *a = *b;\n    *b = temp;\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F3. 引用传递\nvoid mySwap03(int& a, int& b) {\n    int temp = a;\n    a = b;\n    b = temp;\n}\n\nint main() {\n\n    int a = 10;\n    int b = 20;\n\n    mySwap01(a, b);\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"a:\" \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C \" b:\" \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C endl;\n\n    mySwap02(&a, &b);\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"a:\" \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C \" b:\" \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C endl;\n\n    mySwap03(a, b);\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"a:\" \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C \" b:\" \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C endl;\n\n\n    return 0;\n}\n\n",[30,459,460,465,493,504,514,523,527,531,536,558,572,587,597,601,605,610,632,642,650,659,664,669,678,683,696,709,714,723,750,755,774,799,804,812,837,842,847,856],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,461,462],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,463,464],{"class":69},"\u002F\u002F1. 值传递\n",[48,466,467,470,473,476,478,482,485,487,490],{"class":50,"line":66},[48,468,469],{"class":54},"void",[48,471,472],{"class":58}," mySwap01",[48,474,475],{"class":62},"(",[48,477,55],{"class":54},[48,479,481],{"class":480},"s4XuR"," a",[48,483,484],{"class":62},", ",[48,486,55],{"class":54},[48,488,489],{"class":480}," b",[48,491,492],{"class":62},") {\n",[48,494,495,497,500,502],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,496,83],{"class":54},[48,498,499],{"class":62}," temp ",[48,501,89],{"class":54},[48,503,112],{"class":62},[48,505,506,509,511],{"class":50,"line":80},[48,507,508],{"class":62},"    a ",[48,510,89],{"class":54},[48,512,513],{"class":62}," b;\n",[48,515,516,518,520],{"class":50,"line":99},[48,517,170],{"class":62},[48,519,89],{"class":54},[48,521,522],{"class":62}," temp;\n",[48,524,525],{"class":50,"line":115},[48,526,249],{"class":62},[48,528,529],{"class":50,"line":120},[48,530,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,532,533],{"class":50,"line":143},[48,534,535],{"class":69},"\u002F\u002F2. 地址传递\n",[48,537,538,540,543,545,548,550,552,554,556],{"class":50,"line":162},[48,539,469],{"class":54},[48,541,542],{"class":58}," mySwap02",[48,544,475],{"class":62},[48,546,547],{"class":54},"int*",[48,549,481],{"class":480},[48,551,484],{"class":62},[48,553,547],{"class":54},[48,555,489],{"class":480},[48,557,492],{"class":62},[48,559,560,562,564,566,569],{"class":50,"line":167},[48,561,83],{"class":54},[48,563,499],{"class":62},[48,565,89],{"class":54},[48,567,568],{"class":54}," *",[48,570,571],{"class":62},"a;\n",[48,573,574,577,580,582,584],{"class":50,"line":180},[48,575,576],{"class":54},"    *",[48,578,579],{"class":62},"a ",[48,581,89],{"class":54},[48,583,568],{"class":54},[48,585,586],{"class":62},"b;\n",[48,588,589,591,593,595],{"class":50,"line":185},[48,590,576],{"class":54},[48,592,107],{"class":62},[48,594,89],{"class":54},[48,596,522],{"class":62},[48,598,599],{"class":50,"line":202},[48,600,249],{"class":62},[48,602,603],{"class":50,"line":219},[48,604,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,606,607],{"class":50,"line":224},[48,608,609],{"class":69},"\u002F\u002F3. 引用传递\n",[48,611,612,614,617,619,622,624,626,628,630],{"class":50,"line":229},[48,613,469],{"class":54},[48,615,616],{"class":58}," mySwap03",[48,618,475],{"class":62},[48,620,621],{"class":54},"int&",[48,623,481],{"class":480},[48,625,484],{"class":62},[48,627,621],{"class":54},[48,629,489],{"class":480},[48,631,492],{"class":62},[48,633,634,636,638,640],{"class":50,"line":235},[48,635,83],{"class":54},[48,637,499],{"class":62},[48,639,89],{"class":54},[48,641,112],{"class":62},[48,643,644,646,648],{"class":50,"line":246},[48,645,508],{"class":62},[48,647,89],{"class":54},[48,649,513],{"class":62},[48,651,653,655,657],{"class":50,"line":652},19,[48,654,170],{"class":62},[48,656,89],{"class":54},[48,658,522],{"class":62},[48,660,662],{"class":50,"line":661},20,[48,663,249],{"class":62},[48,665,667],{"class":50,"line":666},21,[48,668,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,670,672,674,676],{"class":50,"line":671},22,[48,673,55],{"class":54},[48,675,59],{"class":58},[48,677,63],{"class":62},[48,679,681],{"class":50,"line":680},23,[48,682,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,684,686,688,690,692,694],{"class":50,"line":685},24,[48,687,83],{"class":54},[48,689,86],{"class":62},[48,691,89],{"class":54},[48,693,93],{"class":92},[48,695,96],{"class":62},[48,697,699,701,703,705,707],{"class":50,"line":698},25,[48,700,83],{"class":54},[48,702,155],{"class":62},[48,704,89],{"class":54},[48,706,317],{"class":92},[48,708,96],{"class":62},[48,710,712],{"class":50,"line":711},26,[48,713,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,715,717,720],{"class":50,"line":716},27,[48,718,719],{"class":58},"    mySwap01",[48,721,722],{"class":62},"(a, b);\n",[48,724,726,728,730,733,735,737,739,742,744,746,748],{"class":50,"line":725},28,[48,727,123],{"class":62},[48,729,126],{"class":54},[48,731,732],{"class":129}," \"a:\"",[48,734,133],{"class":54},[48,736,86],{"class":62},[48,738,126],{"class":54},[48,740,741],{"class":129}," \" b:\"",[48,743,133],{"class":54},[48,745,155],{"class":62},[48,747,126],{"class":54},[48,749,140],{"class":62},[48,751,753],{"class":50,"line":752},29,[48,754,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,756,758,761,763,766,769,771],{"class":50,"line":757},30,[48,759,760],{"class":58},"    mySwap02",[48,762,475],{"class":62},[48,764,765],{"class":54},"&",[48,767,768],{"class":62},"a, ",[48,770,765],{"class":54},[48,772,773],{"class":62},"b);\n",[48,775,777,779,781,783,785,787,789,791,793,795,797],{"class":50,"line":776},31,[48,778,123],{"class":62},[48,780,126],{"class":54},[48,782,732],{"class":129},[48,784,133],{"class":54},[48,786,86],{"class":62},[48,788,126],{"class":54},[48,790,741],{"class":129},[48,792,133],{"class":54},[48,794,155],{"class":62},[48,796,126],{"class":54},[48,798,140],{"class":62},[48,800,802],{"class":50,"line":801},32,[48,803,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,805,807,810],{"class":50,"line":806},33,[48,808,809],{"class":58},"    mySwap03",[48,811,722],{"class":62},[48,813,815,817,819,821,823,825,827,829,831,833,835],{"class":50,"line":814},34,[48,816,123],{"class":62},[48,818,126],{"class":54},[48,820,732],{"class":129},[48,822,133],{"class":54},[48,824,86],{"class":62},[48,826,126],{"class":54},[48,828,741],{"class":129},[48,830,133],{"class":54},[48,832,155],{"class":62},[48,834,126],{"class":54},[48,836,140],{"class":62},[48,838,840],{"class":50,"line":839},35,[48,841,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,843,845],{"class":50,"line":844},36,[48,846,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,848,850,852,854],{"class":50,"line":849},37,[48,851,238],{"class":54},[48,853,241],{"class":92},[48,855,96],{"class":62},[48,857,859],{"class":50,"line":858},38,[48,860,249],{"class":62},[19,862,863],{},[25,864,254],{},[39,866,869],{"className":867,"code":868,"language":260,"meta":44},[258],"a:10 b:20\na:20 b:10\na:10 b:20\n",[30,870,868],{"__ignoreMap":44},[872,873,874],"blockquote",{},[19,875,876],{},"总结：通过引用参数产生的效果同按地址传递是一样的。引用的语法更清楚简单",[15,878,879],{"id":879},"引用做函数返回值",[19,881,882],{},"作用：引用是可以作为函数的返回值存在的",[19,884,885,886],{},"注意：",[25,887,888],{},"不要返回局部变量引用",[19,890,891],{},"用法：函数调用作为左值",[19,893,894],{},[25,895,37],{},[39,897,899],{"className":41,"code":898,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u002F\u002F返回局部变量引用\nint& test01() {\n    int a = 10; \u002F\u002F局部变量\n    return a;\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F返回静态变量引用\nint& test02() {\n    static int a = 20;\n    return a;\n}\n\nint main() {\n\n    \u002F\u002F不能返回局部变量的引用\n    int& ref = test01();\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"ref = \" \u003C\u003C ref \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"ref = \" \u003C\u003C ref \u003C\u003C endl;\n\n    \u002F\u002F如果函数做左值，那么必须返回引用\n    int& ref2 = test02();\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"ref2 = \" \u003C\u003C ref2 \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"ref2 = \" \u003C\u003C ref2 \u003C\u003C endl;\n\n    test02() = 1000;\n\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"ref2 = \" \u003C\u003C ref2 \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"ref2 = \" \u003C\u003C ref2 \u003C\u003C endl;\n\n\n    return 0;\n}\n",[30,900,901,906,915,931,937,941,945,950,959,975,981,985,989,997,1001,1006,1021,1038,1054,1058,1063,1076,1093,1109,1113,1128,1132,1148,1164,1168,1172,1180],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,902,903],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,904,905],{"class":69},"\u002F\u002F返回局部变量引用\n",[48,907,908,910,913],{"class":50,"line":66},[48,909,621],{"class":54},[48,911,912],{"class":58}," test01",[48,914,63],{"class":62},[48,916,917,919,921,923,925,928],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,918,83],{"class":54},[48,920,86],{"class":62},[48,922,89],{"class":54},[48,924,93],{"class":92},[48,926,927],{"class":62},";",[48,929,930],{"class":69}," \u002F\u002F局部变量\n",[48,932,933,935],{"class":50,"line":80},[48,934,238],{"class":54},[48,936,112],{"class":62},[48,938,939],{"class":50,"line":99},[48,940,249],{"class":62},[48,942,943],{"class":50,"line":115},[48,944,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,946,947],{"class":50,"line":120},[48,948,949],{"class":69},"\u002F\u002F返回静态变量引用\n",[48,951,952,954,957],{"class":50,"line":143},[48,953,621],{"class":54},[48,955,956],{"class":58}," test02",[48,958,63],{"class":62},[48,960,961,964,967,969,971,973],{"class":50,"line":162},[48,962,963],{"class":54},"    static",[48,965,966],{"class":54}," int",[48,968,86],{"class":62},[48,970,89],{"class":54},[48,972,317],{"class":92},[48,974,96],{"class":62},[48,976,977,979],{"class":50,"line":167},[48,978,238],{"class":54},[48,980,112],{"class":62},[48,982,983],{"class":50,"line":180},[48,984,249],{"class":62},[48,986,987],{"class":50,"line":185},[48,988,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,990,991,993,995],{"class":50,"line":202},[48,992,55],{"class":54},[48,994,59],{"class":58},[48,996,63],{"class":62},[48,998,999],{"class":50,"line":219},[48,1000,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,1002,1003],{"class":50,"line":224},[48,1004,1005],{"class":69},"    \u002F\u002F不能返回局部变量的引用\n",[48,1007,1008,1011,1014,1016,1018],{"class":50,"line":229},[48,1009,1010],{"class":54},"    int&",[48,1012,1013],{"class":62}," ref ",[48,1015,89],{"class":54},[48,1017,912],{"class":58},[48,1019,1020],{"class":62},"();\n",[48,1022,1023,1025,1027,1030,1032,1034,1036],{"class":50,"line":235},[48,1024,123],{"class":62},[48,1026,126],{"class":54},[48,1028,1029],{"class":129}," \"ref = \"",[48,1031,133],{"class":54},[48,1033,1013],{"class":62},[48,1035,126],{"class":54},[48,1037,140],{"class":62},[48,1039,1040,1042,1044,1046,1048,1050,1052],{"class":50,"line":246},[48,1041,123],{"class":62},[48,1043,126],{"class":54},[48,1045,1029],{"class":129},[48,1047,133],{"class":54},[48,1049,1013],{"class":62},[48,1051,126],{"class":54},[48,1053,140],{"class":62},[48,1055,1056],{"class":50,"line":652},[48,1057,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,1059,1060],{"class":50,"line":661},[48,1061,1062],{"class":69},"    \u002F\u002F如果函数做左值，那么必须返回引用\n",[48,1064,1065,1067,1070,1072,1074],{"class":50,"line":666},[48,1066,1010],{"class":54},[48,1068,1069],{"class":62}," ref2 ",[48,1071,89],{"class":54},[48,1073,956],{"class":58},[48,1075,1020],{"class":62},[48,1077,1078,1080,1082,1085,1087,1089,1091],{"class":50,"line":671},[48,1079,123],{"class":62},[48,1081,126],{"class":54},[48,1083,1084],{"class":129}," \"ref2 = \"",[48,1086,133],{"class":54},[48,1088,1069],{"class":62},[48,1090,126],{"class":54},[48,1092,140],{"class":62},[48,1094,1095,1097,1099,1101,1103,1105,1107],{"class":50,"line":680},[48,1096,123],{"class":62},[48,1098,126],{"class":54},[48,1100,1084],{"class":129},[48,1102,133],{"class":54},[48,1104,1069],{"class":62},[48,1106,126],{"class":54},[48,1108,140],{"class":62},[48,1110,1111],{"class":50,"line":685},[48,1112,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,1114,1115,1118,1121,1123,1126],{"class":50,"line":698},[48,1116,1117],{"class":58},"    test02",[48,1119,1120],{"class":62},"() ",[48,1122,89],{"class":54},[48,1124,1125],{"class":92}," 1000",[48,1127,96],{"class":62},[48,1129,1130],{"class":50,"line":711},[48,1131,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,1133,1134,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144,1146],{"class":50,"line":716},[48,1135,123],{"class":62},[48,1137,126],{"class":54},[48,1139,1084],{"class":129},[48,1141,133],{"class":54},[48,1143,1069],{"class":62},[48,1145,126],{"class":54},[48,1147,140],{"class":62},[48,1149,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158,1160,1162],{"class":50,"line":725},[48,1151,123],{"class":62},[48,1153,126],{"class":54},[48,1155,1084],{"class":129},[48,1157,133],{"class":54},[48,1159,1069],{"class":62},[48,1161,126],{"class":54},[48,1163,140],{"class":62},[48,1165,1166],{"class":50,"line":752},[48,1167,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,1169,1170],{"class":50,"line":757},[48,1171,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,1173,1174,1176,1178],{"class":50,"line":776},[48,1175,238],{"class":54},[48,1177,241],{"class":92},[48,1179,96],{"class":62},[48,1181,1182],{"class":50,"line":801},[48,1183,249],{"class":62},[19,1185,1186,1188,1189,1192],{},[25,1187,254],{}," 程序触发未定义行为，本次运行收到 ",[30,1190,1191],{},"SIGSEGV"," 后异常终止，没有可靠的正常输出。",[19,1194,1195],{},"​",[15,1197,1198],{"id":1198},"引用的本质",[19,1200,1201,1202],{},"本质：",[25,1203,1204],{},"引用的本质在c++内部实现是一个指针常量.",[19,1206,1207],{},"讲解示例：",[39,1209,1211],{"className":41,"code":1210,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u002F\u002F发现是引用，转换为 int* const ref = &a;\nvoid func(int& ref){\n    ref = 100; \u002F\u002F ref是引用，转换为*ref = 100\n}\nint main(){\n    int a = 10;\n    \n    \u002F\u002F自动转换为 int* const ref = &a; 指针常量是指针指向不可改，也说明为什么引用不可更改\n    int& ref = a; \n    ref = 20; \u002F\u002F内部发现ref是引用，自动帮我们转换为: *ref = 20;\n    \n    cout \u003C\u003C \"a:\" \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"ref:\" \u003C\u003C ref \u003C\u003C endl;\n    \n    func(a);\n    return 0;\n}\n",[30,1212,1213,1218,1235,1249,1253,1262,1274,1279,1284,1295,1308,1312,1328,1345,1349,1357,1365],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1214,1215],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1216,1217],{"class":69},"\u002F\u002F发现是引用，转换为 int* const ref = &a;\n",[48,1219,1220,1222,1225,1227,1229,1232],{"class":50,"line":66},[48,1221,469],{"class":54},[48,1223,1224],{"class":58}," func",[48,1226,475],{"class":62},[48,1228,621],{"class":54},[48,1230,1231],{"class":480}," ref",[48,1233,1234],{"class":62},"){\n",[48,1236,1237,1240,1242,1244,1246],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1238,1239],{"class":62},"    ref ",[48,1241,89],{"class":54},[48,1243,175],{"class":92},[48,1245,927],{"class":62},[48,1247,1248],{"class":69}," \u002F\u002F ref是引用，转换为*ref = 100\n",[48,1250,1251],{"class":50,"line":80},[48,1252,249],{"class":62},[48,1254,1255,1257,1259],{"class":50,"line":99},[48,1256,55],{"class":54},[48,1258,59],{"class":58},[48,1260,1261],{"class":62},"(){\n",[48,1263,1264,1266,1268,1270,1272],{"class":50,"line":115},[48,1265,83],{"class":54},[48,1267,86],{"class":62},[48,1269,89],{"class":54},[48,1271,93],{"class":92},[48,1273,96],{"class":62},[48,1275,1276],{"class":50,"line":120},[48,1277,1278],{"class":62},"    \n",[48,1280,1281],{"class":50,"line":143},[48,1282,1283],{"class":69},"    \u002F\u002F自动转换为 int* const ref = &a; 指针常量是指针指向不可改，也说明为什么引用不可更改\n",[48,1285,1286,1288,1290,1292],{"class":50,"line":162},[48,1287,1010],{"class":54},[48,1289,1013],{"class":62},[48,1291,89],{"class":54},[48,1293,1294],{"class":62}," a; \n",[48,1296,1297,1299,1301,1303,1305],{"class":50,"line":167},[48,1298,1239],{"class":62},[48,1300,89],{"class":54},[48,1302,317],{"class":92},[48,1304,927],{"class":62},[48,1306,1307],{"class":69}," \u002F\u002F内部发现ref是引用，自动帮我们转换为: *ref = 20;\n",[48,1309,1310],{"class":50,"line":180},[48,1311,1278],{"class":62},[48,1313,1314,1316,1318,1320,1322,1324,1326],{"class":50,"line":185},[48,1315,123],{"class":62},[48,1317,126],{"class":54},[48,1319,732],{"class":129},[48,1321,133],{"class":54},[48,1323,86],{"class":62},[48,1325,126],{"class":54},[48,1327,140],{"class":62},[48,1329,1330,1332,1334,1337,1339,1341,1343],{"class":50,"line":202},[48,1331,123],{"class":62},[48,1333,126],{"class":54},[48,1335,1336],{"class":129}," \"ref:\"",[48,1338,133],{"class":54},[48,1340,1013],{"class":62},[48,1342,126],{"class":54},[48,1344,140],{"class":62},[48,1346,1347],{"class":50,"line":219},[48,1348,1278],{"class":62},[48,1350,1351,1354],{"class":50,"line":224},[48,1352,1353],{"class":58},"    func",[48,1355,1356],{"class":62},"(a);\n",[48,1358,1359,1361,1363],{"class":50,"line":229},[48,1360,238],{"class":54},[48,1362,241],{"class":92},[48,1364,96],{"class":62},[48,1366,1367],{"class":50,"line":235},[48,1368,249],{"class":62},[19,1370,1371],{},[25,1372,254],{},[39,1374,1377],{"className":1375,"code":1376,"language":260,"meta":44},[258],"a:20\nref:20\n",[30,1378,1376],{"__ignoreMap":44},[19,1380,1381],{},"结论：C++推荐用引用技术，因为语法方便，引用本质是指针常量，但是所有的指针操作编译器都帮我们做了",[15,1383,1384],{"id":1384},"常量引用",[19,1386,1387],{},"**作用：**常量引用主要用来修饰形参，防止误操作",[19,1389,1390],{},"在函数形参列表中，可以加==const修饰形参==，防止形参改变实参",[19,1392,1393],{},[25,1394,37],{},[39,1396,1398],{"className":41,"code":1397,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u002F\u002F引用使用的场景，通常用来修饰形参\nvoid showValue(const int& v) {\n    \u002F\u002Fv += 10;\n    cout \u003C\u003C v \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n\nint main() {\n\n    \u002F\u002Fint& ref = 10;  引用本身需要一个合法的内存空间，因此这行错误\n    \u002F\u002F加入const就可以了，编译器优化代码，int temp = 10; const int& ref = temp;\n    const int& ref = 10;\n\n    \u002F\u002Fref = 100;  \u002F\u002F加入const后不可以修改变量\n    cout \u003C\u003C ref \u003C\u003C endl;\n\n    \u002F\u002F函数中利用常量引用防止误操作修改实参\n    int a = 10;\n    showValue(a);\n\n\n    return 0;\n}\n",[30,1399,1400,1405,1425,1430,1443,1447,1451,1459,1463,1468,1473,1488,1492,1500,1512,1516,1521,1533,1540,1544,1548,1556],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1401,1402],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1403,1404],{"class":69},"\u002F\u002F引用使用的场景，通常用来修饰形参\n",[48,1406,1407,1409,1412,1414,1417,1420,1423],{"class":50,"line":66},[48,1408,469],{"class":54},[48,1410,1411],{"class":58}," showValue",[48,1413,475],{"class":62},[48,1415,1416],{"class":54},"const",[48,1418,1419],{"class":54}," int&",[48,1421,1422],{"class":480}," v",[48,1424,492],{"class":62},[48,1426,1427],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1428,1429],{"class":69},"    \u002F\u002Fv += 10;\n",[48,1431,1432,1434,1436,1439,1441],{"class":50,"line":80},[48,1433,123],{"class":62},[48,1435,126],{"class":54},[48,1437,1438],{"class":62}," v ",[48,1440,126],{"class":54},[48,1442,140],{"class":62},[48,1444,1445],{"class":50,"line":99},[48,1446,249],{"class":62},[48,1448,1449],{"class":50,"line":115},[48,1450,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,1452,1453,1455,1457],{"class":50,"line":120},[48,1454,55],{"class":54},[48,1456,59],{"class":58},[48,1458,63],{"class":62},[48,1460,1461],{"class":50,"line":143},[48,1462,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,1464,1465],{"class":50,"line":162},[48,1466,1467],{"class":69},"    \u002F\u002Fint& ref = 10;  引用本身需要一个合法的内存空间，因此这行错误\n",[48,1469,1470],{"class":50,"line":167},[48,1471,1472],{"class":69},"    \u002F\u002F加入const就可以了，编译器优化代码，int temp = 10; const int& ref = temp;\n",[48,1474,1475,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486],{"class":50,"line":180},[48,1476,1477],{"class":54},"    const",[48,1479,1419],{"class":54},[48,1481,1013],{"class":62},[48,1483,89],{"class":54},[48,1485,93],{"class":92},[48,1487,96],{"class":62},[48,1489,1490],{"class":50,"line":185},[48,1491,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,1493,1494,1497],{"class":50,"line":202},[48,1495,1496],{"class":69},"    \u002F\u002Fref = 100;",[48,1498,1499],{"class":69},"  \u002F\u002F加入const后不可以修改变量\n",[48,1501,1502,1504,1506,1508,1510],{"class":50,"line":219},[48,1503,123],{"class":62},[48,1505,126],{"class":54},[48,1507,1013],{"class":62},[48,1509,126],{"class":54},[48,1511,140],{"class":62},[48,1513,1514],{"class":50,"line":224},[48,1515,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,1517,1518],{"class":50,"line":229},[48,1519,1520],{"class":69},"    \u002F\u002F函数中利用常量引用防止误操作修改实参\n",[48,1522,1523,1525,1527,1529,1531],{"class":50,"line":235},[48,1524,83],{"class":54},[48,1526,86],{"class":62},[48,1528,89],{"class":54},[48,1530,93],{"class":92},[48,1532,96],{"class":62},[48,1534,1535,1538],{"class":50,"line":246},[48,1536,1537],{"class":58},"    showValue",[48,1539,1356],{"class":62},[48,1541,1542],{"class":50,"line":652},[48,1543,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,1545,1546],{"class":50,"line":661},[48,1547,77],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":76},[48,1549,1550,1552,1554],{"class":50,"line":666},[48,1551,238],{"class":54},[48,1553,241],{"class":92},[48,1555,96],{"class":62},[48,1557,1558],{"class":50,"line":671},[48,1559,249],{"class":62},[19,1561,1562],{},[25,1563,254],{},[39,1565,1568],{"className":1566,"code":1567,"language":260,"meta":44},[258],"10\n10\n",[30,1569,1567],{"__ignoreMap":44},[1571,1572,1573],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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